John B. Watson s Theory Of Psychology - 1048 Words

John B. Watson was a great American psychologist whose theories, publications, and experiments had an enduring influence on psychology. Possibly his biggest contributions to psychology were his theory of behaviorism and his experiment on Little Albert. Though Watson’s experiments were extremely unethical and behaviorism doesn’t account for biological psychology, Watson was an extremely remarkable psychologist because of his principal of behaviorism and his findings on classical conditioning. Background John Broadus Watson was born on January 8, 1878 in Travelers Rest, South Carolina. Watson’s family was heavily religious, however, he grew up to be openly against religion (Good Therapy). He was a very troubled young adult, who ran into trouble with law enforcement multiple times, and also did poorly academically (Good Therapy). He went to Furman University in South Carolina, and turned his academic life around (Good Therapy). By the age of 21, he graduated with a masters degree (Good Therapy). He then enrolled in a graduate program at the University of Chicago, and after presenting his thesis continued after graduating as a professor (Good Therapy). He then accepted a professor position at Johns Hopkins University, where he was later fired due to an affair with one of his students, Rosalie Rayner (Good Therapy). Despite this, he served as the president of the American Psychological Association (APA) in 1915 and was honored by the APA with a gold medal shortly before his death Show MoreRelatedJohn B. Watson s Theory Of Psychology1266 Words   |  6 PagesJohn B. Watson Psychologists have been focused on observing and understanding human behavior for centuries, dating back to the Greek philosophers when psychology and philosophy were considered one.Today, Psychology is the study of human behavior, beginning before birth and lasting until death. It is clear that the observance human behavior is a vast and profound source of data for psychologists. Early philosophers relied on methods of observation and logic. A physiologist named Wilhelm Wundt inRead MoreBehaviorism And Classical Conditioning And Operant Conditioning Essay1504 Words   |  7 PagesBehaviorism is one of many theories in the field of psychology. It can be applied in different learning scenarios for different research purposes. Biographical information will be provided about the founders of the theory who are John B. Watson and B. F. Skinner. However, the information will focus more on their early education and known achievements. Furthermore, you will find different theories rega rding behaviorism such as classical conditioning and operant conditioning. In order to understandRead MoreThe Psychology Theory Of Psychology Essay1458 Words   |  6 PagesWhen we think about psychology, it is normally thought about the study of the brain, the conscious and unconscious mind. However, there are many different divisions within the psychology field that focus on specific areas that introduce different theories. One of the divisions is the theory of Behaviorism. This theory was developed by John B. Watson and B.F Skinner. The theory implies that environmental stimulus can affect someone’s behavior. This behavioral psychology focuses on how a humans orRead MoreJohn Broadus Watson : An Experimental Study On The Psychical Development Of The White Rat1622 Words   |  7 PagesJohn Broadus Watson, the father of Behaviorism, was born in South Carolina on January 9, 1878 to Emma and Pickens Watson. John grew up in a mixed up household, his father was a known drinker while his mother was a devout Christian. Although he took after his father and got himself into some trouble growing up, he managed to gain admission to Furman College at age sixteen. Upon graduation from Furman, one of John’s professors turned mentor Gordon Moore helped him make the next step, and the followingRead MoreThe John B Watson s Life860 Words   |  4 Pages` John B Watson In 1878 John B Watson was born to Emma and Pickens Watson. A poor family in Greenville, South Carolina, his mother was very religious. John s father, with whom he was closer, did not follow the same rules of living as his mother. He drank, had extra-marital affairs, and left in 1891. Eventually John married Mary Ikes whom he met at the University of Chicago. Together they had two children, Mary and John. And, like his father, had affairs with a number of women. John and Mary finallyRead MorePerspectives Paper1467 Words   |  6 PagesBehaviorists and cognitive psychologists have debated for many years. It is from these two schools of thought that dueling informational ideas have been born. Originally, behaviorism was the leading school of thought being led by John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner. Later new ideas regarding the mind became more prominent. Edward C. Tolman was one of the more prominent figures of this field. Behaviorists looked for more evidence of behavior and rejected any ideas about the mind. An idea that was highlyRead MoreWatson, Skinner and Tolman Essay1627 Words   |  7 PagesDuring the 20th century, the science of psychology developed a role that identified it as an essential of life. John B. Watson, B.F. Skinner, and Edward Tolman are a vital part of that journey transcending from the 19th century to what is now known as â€Å"modern day psychology† in 2012. In this succinct writing the contributions of each man will be revealed and deliberation to define their difference shall be incorporated herein. Although, each psychologist has commonalities in their perspectivesRead MoreFather Of Behaviorism : Broadus Watson935 Words   |  4 Pagesof Behaviorism: Broadus Watson During the late 19th century and early 20th century, psychology was defined as the study of the human mind had an emphasis on introspection (Editors of Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 2015). After this period of time, psychologists began to criticize the validity of introspection as a method of study (McLeod, 2008). This doubt sparked new ideals and lead the field of psychology to be revolutionized. This new revolution was lead by John Broadus Watson, who is often thought ofRead MoreJohn Watson Vs. Carl Rogers770 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Watson Vs. Carl Rogers An Exploration in the History of Psychology Bradley (Afton) Hill Davidson County Community College Introduction Throughout the span of history, psychology has always existed. Humans have always pondered why we think, act, and see the world as we do. Most information we have on the very foundations of psychology come from philosophers and physicists such as Plato, Aristotle, Descartes, and Gustav Fechner. Today I’ll be comparing two very different psychologists: JohnRead MorePsychology : The Influential Bunch1184 Words   |  5 PagesUniversity International PSY101 – Introduction to Psychology Module 1- Case Assignment October 18th, 2015 Dr. Wajama, Aslami The Influential Bunch Psychology is defined as the scientific study of the behavior and mental process of individuals. In psychology there are many different perspectives that are employed. In this paper, this student will identify a few influential psychologists that paved the road for modern psychology. John B. Watson was a pioneering figure in the development of the

The Crucible By Arthur Miller - 1124 Words

The Crucible Assessment Imagine being able to hold your enemies in your hands. You had the say whether or whether not they died. You were the one that accused them of being a witch or you were the one that let them live. Abigail had this power in The Crucible by Arthur Miller. In the Puritan town of Salem, Massachusetts cries of witchery were getting out of control. A group of girls were led by Abigail Williams, who led them to accuse 80 people of witchery which resulted in 19 people hanged. These girls and especially Abigail had a very high impact on the outcome of the society and who lived or not. This hoax lasted longer than it should have and many people were harmed by these girls’ horrible actions. The Puritan society was responsible†¦show more content†¦Abigail was younger than an adult so this gave her a not mature view from the town’s perspective. She was now in a group regarding her age. This is the society’s fault for putting individuals in these categories. It gave t hem no say, or impact in the Puritan society and in their lives also. Because Abigail was placed into these groups, she craved power. Being the ring leader of the girls that cried witch, gave her a position of authority that she had never experienced. Abigail liked this newly found authority, which made her cry witch even more. She now had influence over the people in the town, and the government, something she never knew she could have before. Society and John Proctor are responsible for pinning Abigail as an outsider which had an impact on her choices and actions. Abigail’s gender and age were also a contributing factor to her not having a great impact on her society. These characteristics made her an outsider by the society. She was seen as an outsider to John Proctor because of his distance from her after their affair. Also, John viewed her as being an immature young person, â€Å"ABIGAIL. You are no wintry man. I know you, John. I know you. [She is weeping.] I cannot sl eep for dreamin’; I cannot dream but I wake and walk about the house as though I’d find

Based on George Parks Free Essays

Based on George Parks (2007) December article for Correction Today, the application of Relapse Prevention Therapy (RPT) as a primary cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in corrections and recidivism . He recognizes that RP affords the implementation of evidenced based interventions in corrections but requires further refinement if it is to be expanded from its current application in offender programming. This would require further testing of RP programs and more importantly, a philosophical shift in criminal programs for the effectiveness of rehabilitation and social reintegration. We will write a custom essay sample on Based on George Parks or any similar topic only for you Order Now Criminality is an issue that is continuing concern of any society. Considering the evidence suggesting the increase in repeat offenders and the degree of their crime, the demand to develop effective recidivism programs is well justified. Parks (2007) discusses RPT clearly and provides significant information regarding its application prevailing principles and practices in its application. However, though his discussion on the impact of RPT and related CBT based interventions, he does not provide statistical or actual performance evidence. Though this does not imply that his opinion is less valid, the urgency and importance of the issue would have been better communicated with the presentation of such data. Parks himself recognizes the need for new perspectives and insights to the issue of not only corrections and recidivism but also corrections and social support for offenders. There have been a numbers of suggestions to address the issue including the contradictions to RPT such as the increase in punitive measures for offenders. In the case of restorative justice programs, there has been a similar increase in the support for their application but there has been hesitation on their full implementation because of perceived risks and the management participation on inmates. RPT has an advantage over other perspectives since there is already substantial evidence of its effectivity and relatively has lower risks since people involved in the interventions are limited to offenders’ corrections and parole officers. The research’s orientation reflects a psychological perspective as evidenced by the focus on CBT approaches. It should be noted that orientation does not exclude other orientations, as it is apparent form Park’s discussion that he recognizes the value of various perspectives in the development of recidivism programs. For example, he sites that crime cycles should be studied based on the conditions that create offense scenarios which include social, political and criminological perspectives or orientations. The theoretical framework utilized by Park combines sociology and psychology. The latter is apparent in the programs the areas of correction he sees the potential for the application for RPT. This puts an emphasis on psychological strategies, indicated by his recommendation of CBT and CBT-based programs including RPT as well as Helen Annis’s structured relapse prevention (SRP). However, the actual intervention proposed utilizes sociological frameworks for implementation. He believes that there is significant change that offenders will be able to reform if they are able to learn the impact of their actions, their responsibility for it and the need for criminal justice programs to apply penalties for those who offend them. Park’s orientation also indicates his support for sociogenic collaborative programs in corrections and criminal recidivism. Park’s theoretical perspective and research orientation are consistent with each other. Like any other author or researcher, his research orientation is based on the theoretical perspective he employs in developing the study. Thus, the assumption that the researcher employs for the research are reflected in the orientation of the study, the way the collaborations for the program are constructed or are to operate and the determination of the desired outcomes of the programs. In the same way, an insight to the theoretical perspective of the author allows credible estimates to how the research will approach he subject matter. The literature review completed by Park and his opinion of them reflect his theoretical perspective and research orientation. In particular, his citation of the works of Annis, David Wexler, James McGuire, John A. Cunningham , Edward Zamble and of course the proponent of RPT, G. Alan Marlatts. Though Park does not make any distinct or overt contrary position against any research mentioned or otherwise in his studies, he constantly reiterates his belief of the need for further studies before extensive application of RPT can be done. One point he points out is the lack of large-scale cohort studies to support the intensified application of RPT in recidivism. As previously mentioned, one of the limitations of park’s study is the lack of quantitative data. Though considering the extent of the assessment he made of the existing literature, there is sufficient corroboration for the regard he has for RPT, CBT-based programs and the existing researches for the subject. Park’s analysis of the research and its related issues and concerns reflects his own extensive research and interest in the issue. His insights and conclusions are not surprising because similar conclusions about corrections, rehabilitation and recidivism are reflected in other researches. However, unlike some opinions on the issue, Park believes that offenders should be given allow the opportunities for rehabilitation and reintegration. His sentiment is not just for humanitarian reasons but also recognized that the success of such interventions will reduce demands for correction facilities and programs. Written for popular readership, the research is quiet effective in delivering the need for correction and rehabilitation programs for offenders that will allow them to become productive and law-abiding members of society. Considering this, then Park’s avoidance of statistical or technical terms in RPT or CBT may be deliberate so as not to overwhelm his audience. Furthermore, this supports his objective of communicating the issue as social concern that needs collaborations of various social institutions as well as the public. The construction of Park’s arguments first highlights the significance of RPT in criminal justice systems then reflects the importance of the issue in society and among individual members of it. He points out that the objective of any criminal justice system is should go beyond apprehending and punishing offenders and extends to efforts that offenders are able to reform and become productive members of society. He then enumerates the requirements for the development of RPT programs that support these objectives and the insights that can be developed from existing research. In this article, Park contributes to readers’ understanding of the developing issue in corrections and recidivism, the perspective or researches being developed regarding it, and the potential of utilizing CBT-based interventions such as RPT. It highlights the need to review the relevance of programs and to streamline strategies to maximize the resources of criminal justice programs. There is also the realization of the increasing emphasis in rehabilitation of offenders instead of punitive measures which in turn reflects changes in social perspectives on criminality and corrections management. Park’s research is to be commended in its effort to reach a wider audience for an issue that has often been considered as a concern exclusively to the criminal justice field. Furthermore, his emphasis on the development of research, testing and collaborative programs lend a strong foundation as well as frameworks for the development of programs and interventions. The issue of recidivism, crime and rehabilitation is presented as in issue that affects all member of society not only offenders or their victims. In conclusion, Park’s work should be considered as an important foundation for further researchers on the topic and provides ample foundation for the analysis and development of RPT applications in criminal justice programs. REFERENCE Parks, George A. (2007). New approaches to using relapse prevention therapy in the criminal justice system. Corrections Today 69(6) December: 46(4) How to cite Based on George Parks, Essay examples

Danielle H. Miller Essay Example For Students

Danielle H. Miller Essay Art/MusicTopic: Using Music to Express Yourself Ages: 4-5Text/Materials Used:-Two white king sized sheets-Tempura Paint (eight different colors)-Soap -Water-Disney CD-Paint Pans-Dish Tubs filled with soapy water (eight)Behavioral Objectives:In this lesson, students ages four and five will express their feelings towards certain musical pieces by dancing, with paint on their feet, on a white sheet. The students will have colored paint on their feet to record heavy footsteps in accord to loud music and tip toe in accord to soft music. Because of having his/her own individual paint color, the creation will allow the students to distinguish their own feet as well as test their recognition of the pattern of footsteps matching up with certain songs. Students may also achieve satisfactory aggression release by participating in this activity. Procedures:First of all I need to set up. There will be eight paint tins filled with eight different colors of paint and a little bit of soap and water added (to make it easier to clean off of feet) one for each child. There will also be eight Dish Tubs filled with soapy water to allow the children to wash their feet off in after they are finished with the paints. I will put a Disney CD in the CD player (music most children will recognize) and let it play while the children start to come in for the day so they will become familiar with the songs. I will then talk about loud and soft music and ways to express it (show tip toeing and jumping as it pertains). I will explain that we are going to paint with our feet so that they can really see the difference between tip toeing and jumping. The children will then put their smocks on and wait for their paint. The students will step in their paint and I will put the CD back on and play two songs one soft, one loud. The students will then be told to act out what I just told them about when a quiet song comes on they can tip toe and when it becomes loud the can jump up and down. Students will be allowed to put more paint on their feet if they run low. The art/music dancing will last around ten minutes or longer depending how interested they stay in the project. We will then step into the Dish Tubs of water and wash our feet off. From there we will let the sheets dry and come back to it after lunch. When we are back we will look at the sheet and look at all of the individual footprintswe will discuss who was tip toeing and what song the steps went to and if it was loud or soft. I will also ask if it was a fun project and if they would like to do it again sometime. Evaluation:The students are already able to distinguish between loud and soft and know how to control themselves with paint. I believe that as long as everyone controls themselves and seem to stay focused for ten minutes of jumping then the lesson was good. We are not focused on making students get the point in one day, we want to introduce ideas and come back every now and then to enhance what we introduced. We also like to promote aggression release through activities rather than giving and opportunity to allow fighting.